The Internet

Assalamu Alaikum!

Welcome back!

Today, my topic is about the Internet. 

But at first, check my other blogs (yes, I call them blogs, if you don't, IDC):

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-stages-of-making-program-different.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/ip-address-transmitting-data-packets.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/cellular-network-comparing-different.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/network-hardware.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-world-of-technology.html

(If they don't work, just copy paste them in the search bar)

So, let's start!

What is Internet?

At first, if you saw my blog "Network Hardware", you'll see I mentioned what network is. Network is a kind of system that connects two or more devices so that they can share data to each other.

The Internet is a massive worldwide network. It is made up of all the connections between computers and digital devices. With the Internet, you can connect anywhere and anytime.

There are lots of features of the Internet. Examples are:

⚡Easy communication and research: Internet is a communication network, so it enables easy contacts with other devices and networks. It is also a worldwide technology, so if we research anything, the process happens, and we get the output very easily.

⚡Access to information: Any user from any corner of the world can have access to all types of information of the Internet with just a single result. For this, Internet is also known as "encyclopedia of the world".

⚡24/7 accessibility: It is crazy how the Internet never shuts down, unless someone from the companies or the government turns it off. Th Internet is present to anyone in anytime. Even at midnight, if you want to have a movie night in YouTube or Netflix, Internet is always there.

Now, let's go for applications of Internet.

Some examples of application of Internet are:

🚀Social interaction: There are many applications for this including Reddit, Quora, LinkedIn and Pinterest. These applications help you to connect with people for the world and to interact with them. Blogger.com might be an example :P.

🚀Productivity and work: For productivity, examples might be ChatGPT, Copilot, Grammarly, Gemini etc. These are AIs which we use every day to help us get our work neat and smart. 

For work, examples might be Excel, Word, PowerPoint etc. They help to keep track of works and make documents and presentations.

Now, let's go for advantages and disadvantages of Internet. 

Advantages:

✅ It's social.

✅ There is entertainment for everyone.

✅ Online services like education, E-commerce and more.

Disadvantages:

❌ Cyber bullying

❌ Hacking

❌ Theft

We can use Internet in many ways. Education, entertainment, work and many more. It is truly a blessing.

So, that's all for today! Hope this was useful in any way. If you have any queries or questions, feel free to comment and I will try my best to answer!

Assalamu Alaikum!

 

The Stages Of Making a Program + Different Roles In Computing

 Assalamu Alaikum!

Welcome back!

Today, my topic is about different roles in computing. 

But at first, check my other blogs (yes, I call them blogs, if you don't, IDC):

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/ip-address-transmitting-data-packets.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/cellular-network-comparing-different.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/network-hardware.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-world-of-technology.html

(If they don't work, just copy paste them in the search bar)

So, let's start!

Let's go for the stage of making a program.

💻 Analysis: In this stage, studying and understanding more details about the program is done. Coming up with an idea to solve the problem is the first stage in programming. The criteria and the main features of the program are decided in this stage.

💻Design: In this stage, a plan for what the program will look like and how it will work is created. Drawings of diagrams and writings of algorithms are done. 

💻 Development: In this stage, the making of the program starts. The program is written by code based on the plans made earlier. Content like text, image or sound are made based on what the program is about.

 
💻 Testing: In this stage, the program is tested to make sure that it is working. If it doesn't work, the program needs to be redeveloped.

💻 Evaluation: Finally, when the program is perfect, it is released, and the customers can see the program/application and download it. The customers rate the program and if it is not good enough, the program is updated.

Now that we know the stages of making a program, let's go for different roles in computing.

There are many roles in computing. All of them work together as a team to make a successful program. They use the stages we just discussed about. I will just introduce you with some basic roles. Let's go!

🧑🏻‍💻 End user: Programs are made with an end user in mind. End users are people like a parent, teacher, learner or teenager who will use the program after it is done. Now, you might ask: how are they a role? Well, it's because they use the program after it's done, making themselves a part.

🧑🏻‍💻 Analyst: Analysts gather information that helps to turn an idea into a great program. They interview the end user to understand what they need and like. They also help create criteria for a program.

🧑🏻‍💻 UX (User experience) designer: UX designers make sure that programs are user-friendly. They draw designs for the menus, buttons and positioning of contents. They use these designs to understand how the end user will use the program.

🧑🏻‍💻 Content creator: Content creators make the contents of a program. There are many different types of content creator. For example, image content, music content, text content etc. etc. etc. 

🧑🏻‍💻 Graphic designer: Graphic designers make digital versions of images using design software. They communicate the ideas and content of a program in a visual way. 

🧑🏻‍💻 Software developer: Software developers plan a solution to the program using algorithms. Then they create the programs by writing code. 

🧑🏻‍💻 Product testers: Product testers test the program both during and after development. They test it a lot to make 100% sure that there are no bugs. If there is, they report it so that they can be fixed before the final program is released.

🧑🏻‍💻 Project manager: Project managers are kind of the bosses. They keep track of all the work to be completed and set deadlines to different members, depended on their role. They also set the criteria with the analyst.

If you have seen my very first blog, "The World Of Tecnology", you'll see that I have mentioned that I have a passion to be one of these roles. Please let me know which one in the comments!

So, that's all for today! Hope this was useful in any way. If you have any queries or questions, feel free to comment and I will try my best to answer!

Assalamu Alaikum!

IP Address + Transmitting Data + Packets

 Assalamu Alaikum!

Welcome back!

Today, my topic is about IP address, transmitting data and packets in computing.

But at first, check my other blogs (yes, I call them blogs, if you don't, IDC):

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/cellular-network-comparing-different.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/network-hardware.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-world-of-technology.html

(If they don't work, just copy paste them in the search bar)

So, let's start!

Let's begin with IP address.

We already know that we can use the internet to send data between devices of the whole world, right? But then how does a device know which device to send data to? It might send it to any device!!!

The answer of this problem is IP (Internet Protocol) address system. 

An IP address is a set of numbers. These numbers tell the computer the destination the destination to go to and get data from or send data to. These addresses are usually generated by a program on a computer automatically. 

Too critical? I have the perfect example!

Think of posting letters to different houses. You have to write the address of the person who you want to send the letter to on the envelope, right?! That is how IP address works. Now did you get it? Hope you did!

Fun fact! There are 2 types of IP addresses. IP4 is the older version - it started running out of addresses! So, a new one called IP6 was created. This one has almost unlimited addresses.

Now, let's come to transmitting data and packets.

When we send data across the Internet, it can use different routes to get the same destination. Some will them are quick, short routes while the others might be long, far routes.

But what is the way to do it???

Before data is sent to the device, it is split into packets. These packets are the topic which we are going to discuss about now.

Packets are small chunks of data that are usually all the same size.

Let's take an example.

Imagine you want to give a message to your friend, whose name is Layla.

When you send the message, it's split into packets. 

In this example, the message is divided into three parts, with each packet having 9 characters. The number of characters may be different everywhere.

THIS IS A - 1 packet

MESSAGE - 1 packet

FOR LAYLA - 1 packet

Each packet has the IP address of the sender and the receiver. So, if the packets get lost, the device knows where to request for the missing packet. It goes like this:

Sent from: (Y/N), Sent to: Layla, Packet data: THIS IS A 

Sent from: (Y/N), Sent to: Layla, Packet data: MESSAGE 

Sent from: (Y/N), Sent to: Layla, Packet data: FOR LAYLA 

When packets arrive at their destination, they might be in the wrong order. Because each packet might take different routes so they will arrive at different times.

But to easily solve the problem, the packets contain info about the order in which they should assemble themselves in front of you. They use this to arrange themselves properly when the message is formed. When all the packets are assembled, the receiver can see the data.

As well as the data being sent, the packets contain info like the IP address of the sender, the receiver and the number of packets that's being sent.

Now, let's talk about the advantages and disadvantages of packets.

Advantages:

✅ Smaller packets are less likely to get delayed by the network.

✅ Packets do not take much bandwidth, so they can be sent along a greater variety of                       connections.

✅ If a packet is lost, a device only needs to send a small bit of data.

Disadvantages:

❌ Extra info in packets means you are using more data in total to send something.

❌ You need all the packets to arrive before reading the data.

❌ The system might be complex as the packets use different routes.

Now, let's talk about a thing that might be very common in sending data by packets:

WHAT SHOULD WE DO IF A PACKET IS LOST AND CAN'T FIND THEIR WAY TO THE RECEIVING DEVICE???

You don't have to sweat your forehead about that. The receiving device will send a message for the lost packet or packets. Then, all you have to do is to send the packet again.

Now, let's do a sneak peek at accessing websites...

A website is stored in a web server. Web servers store all of the pages for a website and the IP addresses of the websites. 

To access a web server using the Internet, you type a web address into your web browser. (Another name for web address is URL, or Uniform Resource Locator). Then your web browser connects with the web server using the Internet. The URL is converted to an IP address. The address tells the web browser where the website is stored. The web server confirms that the web page is there and then, all is done.

So, that's all for today! Hope this was useful in any way. If you have any queries or questions, feel free to comment and I will try my best to answer!

Assalamu Alaikum!

Cellular Network + Comparing Different Networks

 Assalamu Alaikum.

Welcome back!

Today, my topic is about cellular networks and comparing different connections.

But at first, check my other blogs (yes, I call them blogs, if you don't, IDC):

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/network-hardware.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-world-of-technology.html

(If they don't work, just copy paste them in the search bar)

So, let's start!

I think we should begin with cellular networks.

Cellular network is a different type of wireless network. They cover large areas and use very strong signals that smartphones can get from over many kilos (kilometers, I just love to call things in short forms).

Cellular networks use tall towers to send signals over large distances, like, 50 km (which is equal to running about a running track 125 times) but most of the time they tend to reach 5 kms

Mobile phones use cellular networks which allows them to connect almost everywhere, from the top of a mount to the middle of a city. 

 Some cars also use cellular networks. The use of it is to make in-car phones or to download software that it may run, like Google Maps.

Other devices also use cellular networks.

Although cellular networks have plenty of advantages, it has disadvantages as well. They have the same disadvantage as WiFi connections. (Someone called Moon by night asked about the disadvantage of WiFi access point in the prev blog) like costs, security, power and stability. The biggest prob is interference, which means the signals not reaching the devices. This can lead to making devices stop getting connection, or the connection getting very slow.

Now, let's go to comparing different connections.

WiFi, cellular and Ethernet cable (see prev blog) are all different. Each has a different range. Let's go straight into the points:

🧲 Wired: Ethernet cable is wired; WiFi and cellular connections are not.

🧲 Wireless: WiFi and cellular connections are wireless; Ethernet cable is not.

🧲 Range: WiFi range is around 20m, Cellular range is about 5km and Ethernet cable range is 100m.

🧲 Speed: WiFi speed is 300-1000 Mbps*, Cellular speed is 100 Mbps* and Ethernet cable speed is             1000 Mbps*

🧲 No. of devices: WiFi can connect 30 per access point, Cellular can connect between 160 and 1500          and Ethernet cable can connect one device per wire.

🧲 Chance of interference: WiFi has high chances to get interferences, Cellular has some chances of             interferences and Ethernet cable has low chances of getting interference.

* Mbps stands for megabits per second. This unit is used to measure connection speeds.

So, that's all for today! Hope this was useful in any way. If you have any queries or questions, feel free to comment and I will try my best to answer!

Assalamu Alaikum!

Network Hardware

 Assalamu Alaikum!

Welcome back! 

Today, my topic is about network hardware. 

What is Hardware?

Hardware are the things we can touch, like parts of a computer like mouse, keyboard and printer.

What is Network?

Network is a kind of system that connects two or more devices so that they can share data to each other.

Now that we know these things, lets come to network hardware.

Network hardware are the physical components that are used to connect devices with network and let them interact with each other. Devices can be connected to the internet with wires, or without wires. How? Lets learn!

With wires:

Some digital devices connect to a network using an Ethernet cable.

There are two main types of connecting to a network with wires: a switch and a router. They are kinda similar but also different.

Switch:

A switch allows us to connect wired devices to a network, like a phone or a laptop. There are lots of cables in the switch, which means that we can connect lots of devices with the network.

Router:

A router allows different networks to communicate with each other. We can connect the router to the switch so that they can provide network to those devices. Routers can connect devices to a small network, like our home network, from the internet. We will learn what internet is later, InshaAllah.

Without wires:

We connect devices with a network without wires using a wireless access point.

An example of a wireless access point is a WiFi access point. An advantage of wireless access point is that we can connect many devices with the network. 

These are used to transmit (send) data to any device nearby. That means it sends signal to the device, which are special waves that allows the WiFi access point to communicate with the devices nearby.

However, the signals go for a limited distance. The further you are from the WiFi access point, the weaker the signal.

So, that's all for today! Hope this was useful in any way. If you have any queries or questions, feel free to comment and I will try my best to answer!

Assalamu Alaikum!