Storing Data + Unit Of Measurement Of Data

 Assalamu Alaikum!

Welcome back!

Today, my topic is about storing data & unit of measurement of data.

But at first, check my other blogs (yes, I call them blogs, if you don't, IDC):

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2025/02/input-and-very-little-output-devices.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/12/failures-of-internet.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-internet.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-stages-of-making-program-different.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/ip-address-transmitting-data-packets.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/cellular-network-comparing-different.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/network-hardware.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-world-of-technology.html

(If they don't work, just copy paste them in the search bar)

So, let's start!

We all know what data is, right? Data is the information that is in our computer. This blog is going to be about how the data is stored in the computer.

To store the data, we have lots of storage devices. Storage devices is a kind of device that allows a computer to save data permanently. There are two types of these: internal & external.

🚨Internal storage devices: Storage devices found inside devices like computers are called internal storage devices. An example is a motherboard.

🚨 External storage devices: Storage devices found outside of devices like computers are called external storage devices. These are useful as a backup when internal storage devices are full. 

This can also be divided into 3 groups: magnetic, optical & solid state.

🚨 Magnetic storage device: These storage devices use magnets & metal discs to store data. Lots of metal discs are on top of each other & between each of them is a magnet, which has the data. They can be both internal or external.

🚨 Optical storage device: These use circular plastic discs to store data. They are compact disc (CD) & digital versatile disc (DVD). A laser is used to make burn marks on these & those marks help a computer to read the data & turn it into numbers a computer can understand They can be either internal or external.

🚨 Solid state storage device: These use circuits to store data. There are no moving part in this storage device. They work more faster than the other two. An example is memory sticks.

Now, to the main question: HOW is data stored?

Computers store data using binary. Binary is a number system made with 2 numbers: 0 & 1.

Computers store data in its memory. The memory is made up of lots of switches. If a switch is on, the binary value is 1 & if a switch is off, the binary value is 0.

The binary value stored in 1 switch is called a bit. Bit is the smallest unit of data storage. 

Now, let's go to the units of measurement of data.

We have already gone through that bit is the lowest unit. Lets go through all of the units.

From smallest to largest:

1 bit.

1 byte = 8 bits.

1 kilobyte = 1000 bytes

1 megabyte = 1000 kilobytes/1000000 bytes

Ok, so we all know the math of measurement, right? This one is just like that.

Like, you want to know how many kilobytes in 9 megabytes.

So:

1 megabyte = 1000 kilobytes

9 megabytes = 1000 x 9 = 9000 kilobytes.

That's how its done!

So, that's all for today! Hope this was useful in any way. If you have any queries or questions, feel free to comment and I will try my best to answer!

Assalamu Alaikum!

Input And (Very Little) Output Devices

Assalamu Alaikum!

Welcome back!

It's been so much long 😂😂😂 what with my Mid-term exam and all I couldn't post. So, now, here we go!

Today, my topic is about input and (very little) output devices.

But at first, check my other blogs (yes, I call them blogs, if you don't, IDC):

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/12/failures-of-internet.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-internet.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-stages-of-making-program-different.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/ip-address-transmitting-data-packets.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/cellular-network-comparing-different.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/network-hardware.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-world-of-technology.html

(If they don't work, just copy paste them in the search bar)

So, let's start!

What is input according to ICT?

Input means to enter any data in a device. So, an input device is a device that provides input to the computer. Examples are mouse, keyboard, touchscreen and sensor.

Mouse: When you move the mouse, the cursor in the screen of the monitor moves and you can click on whatever you want.

Keyboard: When you press on any of the keys, the letter/number/sign you pressed on will appear on the screen.

Touchscreen: We can see this in many devices like tabs or mobiles. When you want to enter something, you have to press on the location you want in, and that thing will come.

Sensor: It is an input device that senses our surroundings and change something in the device. For example, when it is day, a car's headlight stays off. But when its night, the sensor in the car senses it and turns the car's headlights off.

                                                        

Now, we will talk about remote input devices.

Remote means automatic. So, remote input devices are input devices that don't have to be near the computer and can work far away. They connect to a computer using the Internet. 

Remote input devices are useful when:

✅ we want to collect data of days, months or years for a long time

✅ we want to collect an input from a location that is long away.

✅ it is not safe for human to use an input device by hand

✅ we want to collect data to make life easier and more efficient.

Remote input devices can be used in many places. Examples:

🌐 Satellites

🌐 Temperature on top of a mountain or deep in the sea.

🌐 Planets

🌐 Dangerous places like volcanoes

Now, it's time to get to "smart" devices

Smart devices are those which has a sensor so we can control them. For example, a smart radio that turns on whenever you command it to.

These devices are very useful. Imagine you have automatic windows. You could use an input device to check if any of them was open. Then you could close them remotely if you needed to.

Now, let's go to a short discussion about output devices.

Output devices are those which shows us the input we have sent with the input devices. Examples are printer, monitor, speaker and actuator.

Printer: When we print the documents to see the things we wrote or drew in hard copy, we can see the output of it using printer.

Speaker: You can hear the sound that is coming from the computer using the speaker.

Monitor: It is the screen we see everything on and is very important.

Actuator: This is a part of a machine. It can be used to open, close or move objects. They perform physical movements.

Examples of actuator are:

⚡A belt in a shopping mall

⚡Inside an airplane wing

So, that's all for today! Hope this was useful in any way. If you have any queries or questions, feel free to comment and I will try my best to answer!

Assalamu Alaikum!

Failures of The Internet

Assalamu Alaikum!

Welcome back!

Today, my topic is about failures of the Internet. 

But at first, check my other blogs (yes, I call them blogs, if you don't, IDC):

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-internet.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-stages-of-making-program-different.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/ip-address-transmitting-data-packets.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/cellular-network-comparing-different.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/network-hardware.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-world-of-technology.html

(If they don't work, just copy paste them in the search bar)

So, let's start!

In my previous blog, "The Internet", I have discussed about how great the Internet is. But this great Internet has failures as well. Today, I'll talk about minor network failures, large internet failures, reasons of failures, effects of failures and solutions of failures.

Minor network failures:

When a connection breaks, it stops working and data cannot travel along the specific route.

We know that the Internet is made up of millions of connections and network all linked together. Because of this, data can use millions of different routes to reach their destination.

This means that you will not notice when a single connection on the Internet fails. Like, in this picture, one way is disconnected, but data still has other routes to go with.

Large Internet failures:

Sometimes, large servers or connections break. You may notice this when a service you use stops working or gets very slow. Mainly there are servers working for the same service, so if one break, your computer can access another. This means that you may notice that things `stop working` for a short period of time.

But, very unfortunately, lots of servers or connections can fail at the same time. They might take hours or days to fix.

Sometimes small failures are the reasons of large failures. This could be the main connection to the server. However, if there is only one connection, the data can travel along other routes.

Reasons of failures:

There are many ways of connections breaking. Breaks are most likely to happen in the connection form your device to the internet.

The Internet is like a set of roads connecting towns and cities. If there is one road that has a problem, drivers choose another way. These routes may be narrower so drivers cannot drive fast but can reach their destination. The Internet is similar to that. Data can travel through different routes, but some routes get busier, so data can choose another.

Examples of causes of network failure:

💘 Someone accidentally turns off the power.

💘 Someone unplugs a cable by mistake.

💘 A fire causes a wire for the server or connection to damage.

Effects of failure:

These kinds of failures have either small effects or large effects. Small ones happen very often. For example, if a network fails when you are working online, the work you haven't saved recently may disappear. Or if you are playing a game online, the game may stop working.

These network failures are annoying, but they don't usually cause huge problems.

Large network failures happen rarely. For example, the failure of a bank network, the failure of a world-wide online gaming station etc. 

These might cause some problem, but to prevent these, people of the companies spend a lot of money to stop them. They try to make copies of the servers that connect to the network so that when one breaks, another can be used.

Solutions of failures:

Now that we know what failures are, and their effects, lets come to the solutions.

Solutions might be:

 💞 Check your connection

💞 Contact the IPS

💞 Perform a DNS check

💞 Set up network monitoring

💞 Release and renew IP address

(I have no knowledge about any of these, so please do your own research. Sorry!)

So, that's all for today! Hope this was useful in any way. If you have any queries or questions, feel free to comment and I will try my best to answer!

Assalamu Alaikum!

The Internet

Assalamu Alaikum!

Welcome back!

Today, my topic is about the Internet. 

But at first, check my other blogs (yes, I call them blogs, if you don't, IDC):

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-stages-of-making-program-different.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/ip-address-transmitting-data-packets.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/cellular-network-comparing-different.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/network-hardware.html

https://samaraislamsaarah.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-world-of-technology.html

(If they don't work, just copy paste them in the search bar)

So, let's start!

What is Internet?

At first, if you saw my blog "Network Hardware", you'll see I mentioned what network is. Network is a kind of system that connects two or more devices so that they can share data to each other.

The Internet is a massive worldwide network. It is made up of all the connections between computers and digital devices. With the Internet, you can connect anywhere and anytime.

There are lots of features of the Internet. Examples are:

⚡Easy communication and research: Internet is a communication network, so it enables easy contacts with other devices and networks. It is also a worldwide technology, so if we research anything, the process happens, and we get the output very easily.

⚡Access to information: Any user from any corner of the world can have access to all types of information of the Internet with just a single result. For this, Internet is also known as "encyclopedia of the world".

⚡24/7 accessibility: It is crazy how the Internet never shuts down, unless someone from the companies or the government turns it off. Th Internet is present to anyone in anytime. Even at midnight, if you want to have a movie night in YouTube or Netflix, Internet is always there.

Now, let's go for applications of Internet.

Some examples of application of Internet are:

🚀Social interaction: There are many applications for this including Reddit, Quora, LinkedIn and Pinterest. These applications help you to connect with people for the world and to interact with them. Blogger.com might be an example :P.

🚀Productivity and work: For productivity, examples might be ChatGPT, Copilot, Grammarly, Gemini etc. These are AIs which we use every day to help us get our work neat and smart. 

For work, examples might be Excel, Word, PowerPoint etc. They help to keep track of works and make documents and presentations.

Now, let's go for advantages and disadvantages of Internet. 

Advantages:

✅ It's social.

✅ There is entertainment for everyone.

✅ Online services like education, E-commerce and more.

Disadvantages:

❌ Cyber bullying

❌ Hacking

❌ Theft

We can use Internet in many ways. Education, entertainment, work and many more. It is truly a blessing.

So, that's all for today! Hope this was useful in any way. If you have any queries or questions, feel free to comment and I will try my best to answer!

Assalamu Alaikum!